Amacandelo e-elektroniki abhekisa ikakhulu kumalungu angenziwanga, apho amacandelo e-RCL angawona macandelo abalulekileyo, anoluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa.Amacandelo e-elektroniki ehlabathi adlule kwizigaba ezithathu zophuhliso, i-China kunye ne-semiconductor ye-semiconductor yekhonkco lekhonkco lesithathu kunye nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe, sele iza kungena kwinqanaba lophuhliso olukhawulezayo lokutshintshwa kwasekhaya, kunye nokuphuculwa okuphindaphindiweyo kobuchwepheshe be-elektroniki, ushishino lwamacandelo e-elektroniki ukusuka isiphelo esisezantsi ukuya kwinguqu ephakathi kunye nephezulu, ebonisa amathuba amaninzi amatsha ophuhliso.
1 izixhobo ze-elektroniki yintoni
Izinto zombane ziimveliso ezigqityiweyo ezingatshintshiyo ukwakhiwa kweemolekyuli ngexesha lemveliso kunye nokusetyenzwa, njengezichasi, ii-capacitors, ii-inductors, njl. izixhobo zokwenziwa, kwaye ngenxa yokuba ayinakuvuyiswa kwisandi sombane, i-oscillation, njl.
Amacandelo e-elektroniki ahlulahlulwe kakhulu abe ngamacandelo eklasi yesekethe kunye namacandelo eklasi yoqhagamshelo, amacandelo eklasi yesekethe ikakhulu amacandelo e-RCL, amacandelo e-RCL ngama-resistors, i-capacitors kunye ne-inductors iintlobo ezintathu, kunye ne-transformers, ii-relays, njl.;amacandelo eklasi yoqhagamshelo aqulathe amacandelwana amabini, elinye lelamacandelo oqhagamshelo olubonakalayo, kubandakanywa iziqhagamshelo, iziseko, iibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo (PCB), njl. njl., kunye nezinye izixhobo zeRF ezingasebenziyo, ezibandakanya izihluzi, ii-couplers. , ii-couplers, ii-resonators, njl.
Izinto ze-elektroniki ezaziwa ngokuba "yirayisi yoshishino lwe-elektroniki", apho ixabiso lemveliso lamacandelo e-RCL libalelwa kwi-89% yexabiso lilonke lemveliso yezinto ze-elektroniki, ii-capacitors, i-inductors, i-resitors zithatha uninzi lwexabiso lemveliso yamacandelo e-elektroniki. .
Lilonke, amacandelo e-elektroniki njengamacandelo asisiseko se-elektroniki, kunye nokusebenza kwesixhobo se-terminal esisezantsi kancinci kancinci, umthamo uncitshiswe kancinci, ubonisa imeko yophuhliso lwe-miniaturization, udibaniso, ukusebenza okuphezulu, amacandelo e-chip abe yeyona nto iphambili kumacandelo e-RCL, abe umqhubi ophambili wophuhliso loshishino.
2 Imeko yemarike
1, ushishino lwamacandelo e-elektroniki ukuya kumjikelo onyukayo
Ukuqala kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-2020, kunye nobhubhani omtsha wesithsaba ubuyile, ezantsi kwe-5G, i-elektroniki yeemoto kunye nezinye iindawo ezifunwa kakhulu, unikezelo lwemveliso, ishishini livule umjikelo omtsha wokunyuka komjikelo.I-2026 yezixhobo ze-elektroniki ubungakanani bemarike kulindeleke ukuba bube yi-39.6 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, ngo-2019-2026 izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiweyo malunga ne-5.24%.Phakathi kwabo, ukuphuhliswa kwe-5G, iifowuni ezihlakaniphile, iimoto ezihlakaniphile, njl., zibe yinjini ephambili yokukhuthaza umjikelo omtsha wophuhliso lwamacandelo e-elektroniki.
Isantya sothumelo lwetekhnoloji ye-5G iya kuba yimiyalelo ye-1-2 yobukhulu obuphezulu kune-4G, kwaye ukunyuka kwezinga lokuhambisa kuya kuqhuba inani lezihluzi, ii-amplifiers zamandla kunye nezinye izixhobo ze-RF zangaphambili, kwaye zitsale ukusetyenziswa kwee-inductors, ii-capacitors kunye ne-RF. amanye amacandelo e-elektroniki anxulumeneyo.
Iimeko zesicelo se-smartphone ziyaqhubeka nokutyebisa, ukufuna eyona nto iphambili ekusebenzeni kunye nokusebenza, ukukhuthaza i-chip, ukudityaniswa kwezinto ze-elektroniki, izixhobo ze-elektroniki kwi-miniaturization yophuhliso ngaxeshanye, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki zeselfowuni enye. ukwanda ngokukhawuleza.
Inkqubo yokulawula amandla emoto ye-Smart, inkqubo ye-infotainment, inkqubo yokulawula ukhuseleko kunye nenkqubo ye-elektroniki yomzimba ukuphucula amava okuqhuba kweenkqubo ezincedisayo ziyaqhubeka nokukhula, ukukhuthaza izinga le-elektroniki yeemoto liqhubeka nokunyuka.Kulindeleke ukuba i-avareji yexabiso le-automotive electronic components liya kudlula i-5,000, libalelwa ngaphezu kwe-40% yexabiso lemveliso yemoto yonke.
2, ilizwe laseTshayina ukukhawulezisa ukubanjwa kwemarike
Ukusuka kulwabiwo lwengingqi, ngo-2019, ilizwe laseTshayina kunye ne-Asiya zidibene zithatha i-63% yesabelo semarike yezixhobo ze-elektroniki zehlabathi.Intsimi yeCapacitor eJapan, eKorea naseTaiwan oligopoly, intsimi yokuxhathisa iChina ITaiwan iGuoguang isikhundla esiphezulu, intsimi ye-inductor kubavelisi baseJapan njengeyona ibalaseleyo.
Imifanekiso
Ngophuculo lwe-elektroniki yabathengi, itekhnoloji entsha kunye nezicelo ze-5G ezidityanisiweyo ukuqhubela phambili ukunyuka kwemfuno yezinto ze-elektroniki, abavelisi becandelo le-elektroniki baseJapan nabaseKorea sele beqalisile ukuhlengahlengisa amaqhinga abo, amandla okuvelisa ngokuthe ngcembe atshintshela kwi-automotive electronics, i-industrial class miniaturization of high- umthamo, iimveliso zegeyiji ephezulu kunye namalungu eRF.
IJapan kunye neSouth Korea yamacandelo e-elektroniki yokuphucula ubume bemveliso ngaxeshanye ngokuthe ngcembe inikezela imarike ephakathi kunye nesiphelo esisezantsi, okukhokelela kunikezelo kunye nomsantsa wemfuno phakathi kunye nesiphelo esisezantsi, kumathuba ophuhliso lwamashishini amacandelo e-elektroniki asekhaya, yasekhaya kuye kwavela inani leenkampani ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezifana neqela leringi ezintathu (i-ceramic capacitors), iFaraday Electronics (i-film capacitors), Shun Lo Electronics (inductors), i-Aihua Group (i-aluminium electrolytic capacitors), njl.
Ngokurhoxa kancinci kwabavelisi baseJapan nabaseKorea kwimarike ephantsi, amashishini asekhaya aqala ukukhawulezisa isabelo semarike, abavelisi basekhaya abanjengoFenghua, amakhonkco amathathu, iYuyang, njl. Ukwandiswa kwamandla kukwanda okukhulu, kulindeleke ukuba kukhawulezise isabelo semarike.
Iindawo ezi-3 ezishushu
I-1, i-Chip multilayer ceramic capacitor industry
Ngokwedatha ye-China Electronic Components Industry Association, ubungakanani bemakethi ye-ceramic capacitor yehlabathi ikhule nge-3.82% unyaka nonyaka ukuya kwi-77.5 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2019, ibala ukuya kuthi ga kwi-52% yemarike ye-capacitor yehlabathi;Ubungakanani bemakethi ye-ceramic capacitor yaseTshayina ikhule nge-6.2% ngaphezulu kowama-2018 ukuya kuma-57.8 eebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ibala ukuya kuthi ga kwi-54% yemarike yecapacitor yasekhaya;lilonke, zombini isabelo semakethi ye-ceramic capacitor yehlabathi kunye neyasekhaya ibonisa ukunyuka okuzinzileyo.
I-MLCC ineenzuzo zobukhulu obuncinci, i-capacitance ethile ephezulu, kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu, kwaye inokugxunyekwa phezulu kwe-PCBs, i-hybrid IC substrates, njl., ephendula kwi-trend of miniaturization kunye nobunzima obulula be-electronics yabathengi.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iifowuni ezihlakaniphile, izithuthi zamandla amatsha, ulawulo lwamashishini, unxibelelwano lwe-5G kunye namanye amashishini aphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza, okuzisa indawo enkulu yokukhula kwishishini le-MLCC.Kulindeleke ukuba ubungakanani bemarike yeMLCC yehlabathi buya kukhula ukuya kutsho kwi-108.3 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2023;Ubungakanani bemalike ye-MLCC yaseTshayina buya kukhula ukuya kutsho kwi-53.3 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, kunye nezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiweyo lonyaka elingaphezulu komndilili wehlabathi wokukhula wonyaka.
Ishishini lehlabathi le-MCLL lineqondo eliphezulu lokugxila kwimarike kwaye lenze ipateni ye-oligopoly ezinzile.Amashishini aseJapan anenzuzo eyomeleleyo kwi-echelon yokuqala yehlabathi, eMzantsi Korea, eUnited States, e-China naseTaiwan amashishini ngokubanzi kwi-echelon yesibini, iteknoloji yamashishini aseTshayina kunye nenqanaba lesikali libuyele ngasemva kwi-echelon yesithathu.Imakethi ye-MLCC yehlabathi ye-2020 amashishini amane aphambili yi-Murata, i-Samsung electromechanical, i-Kokusai, amandla elanga, isabelo semarike sama-32%, i-19%, i-12%, i-10% ngokulandelelanayo.
Iinkampani eziphambili zasekhaya zihlala kwintengiso yeemveliso ezisezantsi kunye neziphakathi.Kukho malunga nama-30 abenzi abakhulu beMLCC baseTshayina, kunye namashishini asekhaya amelwe yiFenghua Hi-Tech, iSanhuan Group, iYuyang Technology kunye neMicro Capacitor Electronics, evelisa ubukhulu becala imveliso ephakathi kunye nenkulu enexabiso eliphantsi lesakhono kunye nomxholo ophantsi wobugcisa.
2. Umzi-mveliso we-Film capacitor
Ngophuhliso lweshishini elitsha lamandla eTshayina, kunye nemvelaphi yeemfuno ezingqongqo zogcino lwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa, ishishini lefilimu capacitor liye lakhula ukusuka ku-2010 ukuya ku-2015, kwaye izinga lokukhula lithande ukuzinza emva ko-2015, liqhubeka likhula ngokomndilili wonyaka. izinga le-6%, kunye nobukhulu bemarike bufikelele kwi-9.04 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2019, ibalwa malunga ne-60% yemveliso yemalike yehlabathi iyonke, ibekwe kwindawo yokuqala emhlabeni.
Ngokuphunyezwa kwezicwangciso zelizwe ezifana "nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni", imarike yamandla entsha yaseTshayina iya kwandisa ngakumbi kwaye izise ukukhula okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide kwimakethi ye-movie capacitor.Imakethi yefilimu ye-capacitor yezithuthi zamandla amatsha kuqikelelwa ukuba iza kukhula kwi-CAGR ye-6.1% ukusuka ngo-2020 ukuya ku-2025, kwaye iya kufikelela kwi-2.2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2025, iyenza ibe yeyona ntengiso ibalulekileyo yabathengi kwi-movie capacitors.
Imakethi yehlabathi yemveliso yefilimu ye-capacitor igxile kakhulu, kunye nezibonelelo ezicacileyo zamashishini amakhulu.Iibhrendi eziphezulu kunye neempawu zodidi lokuqala lwee-capacitors zefilimu zilawulwa ngamashishini asuka eJapan, eJamani, eItali, e-United States nakwamanye amazwe, kwaye amashishini asekhaya anjengeFarad Electronics kunye neCopper Peak Electronics abekwe kudidi lwesibini nolwesithathu. .Ngo-2019 isabelo semarike yefilimu ye-capacitor yehlabathi, iPanasonic ithatha ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sesabelo semarike, kwaye ishishini elinye kuphela kwilizwe laseTshayina, iFarrar Electronics, eliphambili, lithatha i-8% yesabelo semarike.
I-3, imboni ye-Chip resistor
Kumxholo wophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwetekhnoloji efana ne-5G, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, izithuthi zamandla amatsha, kunye nedatha enkulu, izichasi ze-chip ziqhuba uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo ngokusebenzisa usetyenziso olusezantsi, ngombane obhityileyo kunye nokukhanya okukhanya njengeyona ndawo iphambili yesicelo, ibalelwa kwi-44% imakethi, kunye neminye imimandla emikhulu ibandakanya abathengi bombane, iimoto, unxibelelwano, ishishini kunye nomkhosi.Ubungakanani bemakethi ye-chip resistors ukusuka ku-2016 ukuya ku-2020 bunyuke ngokuthe chu ukusuka kwi-1.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-USD 1.7 yebhiliyoni, kwaye ubungakanani bemarike ye-chip resistor kulindeleke ukuba bufikelele kwi-USD 2.4 yebhiliyoni ngo-2027.
Okwangoku, iinkampani zase-US kunye neJapan zilawula imarike ephezulu ye-chip resistor, kodwa ukunyuka okuhlayo akwanelanga.I-US kunye neenkampani zaseJapan zijolise kwiimveliso ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo, ezigxininise kwiindlela zenkqubo yefilimu ebhityileyo, njenge-US Vishay ngumvelisi omkhulu wokuchasana okuphezulu, ngelixa iJapan inomthamo omkhulu kwintsimi ye-0201 kunye ne-0402 yeemodeli zokuchaneka okuphezulu. iimveliso.I-Kokusai yaseTaiwan inesabelo se-34% semarike yehlabathi jikelele ye-chip resistor, kunye nemveliso yenyanga ukuya kwi-130 yeebhiliyoni zeeyunithi.
I-Mainland China inemarike enkulu ye-chip resistor enesabelo esincinci seenkampani zasekhaya.Imakethi yaseTshayina ixhomekeke kumaphulo adibeneyo kunye nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kuphezulu, kwaye abavelisi be-resistor ubukhulu becala ngamashishini karhulumente aguqulwa abe ziinkampani ezidityanisiweyo, ezifana neFenghua Hi-Tech kunye neNorthern Huachuang, ekunzima kakhulu ukwenza indima ephambili kwi-chip resistor. ishishini, okukhokelela kulo lonke ikhonkco loshishino lwetshiphu yasekhaya inkulu kodwa ayinamandla.
4, Ishishini leBhodi yeSekethe eprintiweyo
Ngokuqhubekayo ngokutsha kweemveliso zonxibelelwano lwe-elektroniki, imfuno yeebhodi ezithambileyo kwi-PCB iye yanda ngokuthe ngcembe, ngokomzekelo, imfuno yeebhodi ezithambileyo kwiiselfowuni ze-Apple zonyukile ukusuka kwiziqwenga ze-13 kwisizukulwana sesihlanu ukuya kumaqhekeza angama-30 ngoku, kunye nesikali. yoshishino lwe-PCB yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-79.2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2025. Isabelo semarike yaseChina yePCB iminyaka emininzi yesabelo sehlabathi sokuqala, i-2025 kulindeleke ukuba idlule kwi-41.8 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, isantya sokukhula esihlanganisiweyo se-6%, sidlula umndilili wokukhula kwehlabathi. izinga.
Kwimarike yebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo yaseTshayina, iingcali eziphambili zahlulwe ngamanqanaba amathathu aphezulu, aphakathi naphantsi, intsimi ephezulu ukuya kutyalo-mali lwangaphandle, eHong Kong, eTaiwan, amashishini ambalwa aseTshayina alawulwa, uninzi lwamashishini asekhaya kwikomkhulu kunye nobuchwepheshe. ukungonakali, ikakhulu kugxininiswe kwiindawo zemveliso ephantsi.
Ngokokwakhiwa kwesabelo semarike yamashishini kunokubonwa, uxinano lwemarike yoshishino lwebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo yaseTshayina luphantsi, lunyuke kancinci kwiminyaka yakutshanje.Ishishini lebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo yaseTshayina ngo-2020 iCR5 imalunga nama-34.46%, xa kuthelekiswa nowama-2019 inyuke ngepesenti eyi-2.17;I-CR10 imalunga ne-50.71%, xa kuthelekiswa no-2019 inyuke ngeepesenti ze-1.88.
I-5, ishishini lokuthwala i-elektroniki
Uhlaziyo lwe-elektroniki yabathengi emva kokuthandwa kwe-5G, uphuhliso lobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezithuthi zombane kuya kukhuthaza ukukhula kwemfuno yentengiso ye-elektroniki ye-elektroniki, kunye nemfuno yemarike yetheyiphu yokuthwala iphepha kulindeleke ukuba ikhule nge-4.1% unyaka-ngonyaka ukuya kwi-36.75 yeebhiliyoni zeemitha ngo-2021. imfuno yemakethe ye-carrier carrier tape e-China iya kukhula nge-10.04% ngonyaka-ngonyaka ukuya kwi-19.361 yezigidigidi ze-2022.
Iteyiphu ephethe i-elektroniki yeyentengiso ye-niche, kunye nemarike yamacandelo e-elektroniki ukuzisa ukwanda kwemfuno yentengiso ye-elektroniki yetheyiphu, ubungakanani bemakethi yetheyiphu yomthuthi we-elektroniki wehlabathi kunye neTshayina yindlela enyukayo ezinzileyo.Kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2021 ubungakanani bemarike yetheyiphu yokuthwala iphepha buya kukhula nge-4.2% unyaka nonyaka ukuya kwi-2.76 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, kwaye ngo-2022 ubungakanani bemakethi yaseTshayina yokuphatha iphepha buya kukhula nge-12% unyaka nonyaka ukuya kwi-1.452 yebhiliyoni. yuan.
Amashishini amaTshayina, amaJapani, amaKorea namanye amazwe athatha uninzi lwesabelo semarike yehlabathi.Phakathi kwabo, amashishini aseJapan aqale kwangoko kwaye anobuchwephesha obuphambili;Amashishini aseMzantsi Korea aphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yamuva kwaye ukuthengisa phesheya kuye kwaqhubeka ukukhula;amashishini emveliso agqwesileyo avele emva komnye eTshayina naseTaiwan, kwaye inqanaba labo lokukhuphisana liya lisondela ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye ligqithise amashishini aseJapan nawaseKorea kwimiba ethile.Isabelo se-JMSC kurhwebo lwehlabathi jikelele lwetheyiphu yokuthwala amaphepha siya kufikelela kuma-47% ngo-2020.
Ishishini le-tape ephetheyo elincinci linomqobo ophezulu wokungena kwaye ukhuphiswano lwasekhaya alubi kakhulu.Ukusukela ngo-2018, i-JEMSTEC ingaphezulu kwe-60% yesabelo semakethi yetheyiphu ye-carrier yephepha lasekhaya kwaye phantse akukho bakhuphisana basekhaya, kodwa inamandla amancinci okuxoxisana kubathengisi abaphezulu kunye nendawo ethile yokuxoxisana kubathengi abasezantsi kwaye ayisongelwa lula ngabangenayo kunye nababambeleyo.
6, ishishini lokwenziwa kweeseramikhi zombane
Iiseramics zombane yi-MLCC industry eqhutywa yinto ecacileyo.I-MLCC isetyenziswa kakhulu kubathengi be-elektroniki, unxibelelwano, i-elektroniki yeemoto, izixhobo zasekhaya kunye nezinye iindawo, ubungakanani bemarike yangoku engaphezulu kwe-100 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ikamva kulindeleke ukuba ligcine izinga lokukhula komdibaniso wonyaka we-10% ukuya kwi-15%, liqhuba Ushishino lweeseramikhi ze-elektroniki lube kwisigaba sophuhliso olukhawulezayo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubungakanani bemakethi ye-elektroniki yeeseramics zaseTshayina ukugcina izinga lokukhula elixandileyo le-13% okanye ngaphezulu, kulindeleke ukuba lifikelele kwi-114.54 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2023, indawo ebanzi yokutshintshwa kwasekhaya.Intlama ye-elektroniki yasekhaya ifumana ngokutyibilikayo ukuqondwa komthengi ukwandisa isikali semarike yendawo;I-ceramic cleaver yasekhaya yaphula imeko ye-monopoly yaphesheya, kulindeleke ukuba ifezekise umthamo okhawulezayo;Ngeli xesha, itekhnoloji yetekhnoloji ye-diaphragm yeplate yasekhaya yasekhaya yaveliswa ngokuthe ngcembe.
IJapan, iUnited States kunye neYurophu zikhokela ishishini le-elektroniki leceramics kwihlabathi liphela, lihlala kwimakethi ephezulu.IJapan, eneenzuzo zoluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ze-elektroniki ze-ceramic, imveliso ephezulu kunye nobuchwepheshe obuhle, ithatha i-50% yesabelo semarike yehlabathi, ilandelwa yi-United States neYurophu, ngokulandelelana, ithatha i-30% kunye ne-10% yesabelo semarike.I-Japan SaKai kwisabelo semalike yehlabathi ye-28%, ibekwe kwindawo yokuqala, inkampani yase-US iFerro kunye ne-NCI yaseJapan ibekwe kwindawo yesibini neyesithathu.
Ngenxa yothintelo oluphezulu lweemfuno zobugcisa kunye nobuchwepheshe, kunye neshishini le-elektroniki le-ceramics yaseTshayina yaqala kade, abavelisi basekhaya kubugcisa, iteknoloji, ixabiso elongeziweyo kune-gap yamashishini angaphandle eyaziwayo, imveliso yangoku igxile kakhulu kwimveliso ephantsi. indawo.Ikamva ngenkqubo yesizwe ye-R & D, utyalo-mali lwemalike yemalike, ukwandiswa kwemeko yesicelo, ukuqokelelwa kobuchwephesha obukhoyo kunye nezinye izinto ezilungileyo ezininzi, kuya kunceda amashishini aseTshayina ukuba atshintshe ngokuthe ngcembe kwicala lokuchaneka okuphezulu kweshishini.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-21-2022